Mycorrhiza: A Natural Resource for Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract

Mycorrhizae, intricate symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots, profoundly impact ecosystem functioning. This mutualistic relationship enhances plant nutrient uptake, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, while offering plants improved stress resistance and disease tolerance. Ectomycorrhizae and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are the two major types, each with distinct colonization strategies and ecological roles. Ectomycorrhizae primarily form on woody plants, creating a sheath around root tips, while AM penetrate root cells to form arbuscules for nutrient exchange. Mycorrhizal networks facilitate nutrient transfer and communication among plants, influencing community dynamics and nutrient cycling. Overall, mycorrhizae's role in nutrient acquisition and ecosystem stability underscores their significance in diverse ecosystems and sustainable agricultural practices.