22 Nucleotide siRNAs: Emerging Players in Plant Stress Adaptation
Deepti Tiwari*
Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi (110 012), India
Manoj Kumar Patel
Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi (110 012), India
DOI: NIL
Keywords: 22 nucleotide siRNAs, Plant stress adaptation, RNA interference, RNA silencing
Abstract
The RNA interference (RNAi) is process of modulating gene expression and holds significant promise for crop improvement. The intricate mechanisms underlying RNA silencing, particularly the significance of 22-nucleotide small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), remain elusive. In this article, we explore the biogenesis and biological significance of 22 nucleotide siRNAs in plants. These siRNAs, emerging as crucial regulators of gene expression, mediate translational repression and facilitate stress mitigation. The biogenesis of 22 nucleotide siRNAs is dependent on Dicer like 2 (DCL2), Argonaute 1 (AGO1), RNA dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) and HUA ENHANCER 1 (HEN1). The induction of 22 nucleotide siRNAs, particularly from genes encoding nitrate reductases (NIA1/2), under stress conditions, leads to severe growth disorders, emphasizing their significance in plant stress responses. This article offers valuable insights into the diverse roles of 22 nucleotide siRNAs in plants, highlighting their significance in agriculture and biotechnology for enhancing crop resilience and productivity.
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