Abundance of Major Pests of Okra in Relation to Crop Phenology and Cropping Systems
Srinivas, G.
Dept. of Entomology, NMCA, Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat (396 450), India
Sushil Kumar*
Dept. of Plant Protection, ACHF, Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat (396 450), India
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54083/PHA/2.3.2024/104-108
Keywords: Crop phenology, Farming practice, Okra, Pests
Abstract
The prevalence of the important okra pests (cv. AO-1), which include the red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), leaf hopper (Amrasca biguttula biguttula), whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), and shoot & fruit borer (Earias vitella), was investigated in both conventional and organic okra farming systems at Navsari Agricultural University in Gujarat from 2018 to 2020. Fruit damage has observed peak at the fruiting stage (23.57 & 20.44%), as evidenced by the highest populations of shoot and fruit borer (2.29 & 1.93). Significant and positive correlations between pest population and fruit damage with crop stage were found (r' = 0.722 & 0.750 and r'' = 0.793 & 0.746), suggesting advancement in crop stage (vegetative to flowering to fruiting stage) led to increased pest population and damage. Highest leafhopper population was noticed at flowering stage (9.24 & 9.98 leaf-1) in both the farming methods. Correlation of leafhopper with crop stages in farming systems was non-significant and positive (r’ = 0.002 and 0.041). Highest whitefly population was noticed at fruiting stage (1.63 & 2.03 leaf-1) in both the farming systems. Correlation of whitefly population with crop stages was significant (r’ = 0.710 & 0.732) implying advancement in crop growth increased whitefly population. Lastly, the highest Red spider mite population was noticed at fruiting stage (13.42 & 15.54 per 2 cm2 leaf area) in both the farming systems. Correlation of mite population with crop stages was positive and significant (r’ = 0.646 & 0.642) implying advancement in crop stage led to an increase in mite population in both the farming systems.
Downloads
not found
Reference
Amin, M.R., Tripura, K., Miah, M.R.U., Kayesh, E., Khan, M.A.R., 2019. Diversity of insects in okra agro-ecosystem at Gazipur in Bangladesh. Indian Journal of Ecology 46(1), 214-216.
Anonymous, 2017. District-wise estimated area, production and productivity of horticultural crops for the year 2016-17. Area and Production Year 2016-17. Directorate of Horticulture, Agriculture, Farmer’s Welfare and Co-operation Department, Govt. of Gujarat. URL: https://doh.gujarat.gov.in/.
Chauhan, V., Vashisht, S.D., Sharma, L., Gandhi, V., 2021. Overview on seasonal abundance of major insect pests and their natural enemies on okra: A review. The Pharma Innovation Journal 10(8), 92-94.
Daniel, M.A., David, R.H.A., Caesar, S.A., Ramakrishnan, M., Duraipandiyan, V., Ignacimuthu, S., Al-Dhabi, N.A., 2018. Effect of L-glutamine and casein hydrolysate in the development of somatic embryos from cotyledonary leaf explants in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. monech). South African Journal of Botany 114, 223-231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2017.11.014.
Kadam, N.D., 2003. Relative efficacy of different insecticides against insect pest complex of okra. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Submitted to IGKVV, Raipur, Chhatishgarh (India). p. 30.
Kanwar, N., Ameta, O.P., 2007. Assessment of loss caused by insect pests of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. Pestology 31(5), 45-47.
Lal, S., Singh, S., 2019. Seasonal abundance of major sucking insect pests of okra and their natural enemies in relation to abiotic factors. International Journal of Chemical Studies 7(3), 2173-2178.
Maqbool, M.E., Mushtaq, M.N., Tamathues., Kubra, K.T., Zulfiqar, A., Sarwar, M.S., Yousaf, Z., Yaseen, M., Nosheen, F., 2024. Assessing the impact of insect pest biodiversity on the ecological footprint of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cultivation in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Punjab University Journal of Zoology 39(2), 169-175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pujz/2024/39.2.169.175
Rao, N.S., Rajendran, R., 2002. Joint action potential of neem with other plant extracts against the leaf hopper, Amrasca devastans (Distant) on okra. Pest Management and Economic Zoology 10, 131-136.
Rita, R., Kapoor, V.C., Bhullar, M.B., Mahal, M.S., 2000. Population dynamics of mites associated with okra (Hibiscus esculentus) in Punjab. The Indian Journal Agricultural Sciences 70(11), 794-796.
Sheedi, M.A., 1980. Arthropods associated with okra Hibiscus esculentus L. crop. M.Sc. Thesis, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam. p. 58.
Siddartha, D., Kotikal, Y.K., Venkateshalu., Durdundi, S., 2017. Seasonal incidence of sucking pests on okra. Global Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology 6(2), 245-250.
Srinivas, G., Kumar, S., 2022. Abundance of pigeon pea pests in relation to crop phenology under organic and conventional farming systems. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 10(1), 372-376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/j.ento.2022.v10.i1e.8956.