Bionematicides in India: Opportunities and Challenges
J. Gulsar Banu
Regional Station, ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu (641 003), India
DOI: NIL
Keywords: Bionematicides, Challenges, Nematodes, Opportunities
Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes are considered as a hidden enemy of crop plants and responsible for a 12.6% annual yield loss. In addition to causing direct damage to crops, they interact with fungi and bacteria to aggravate diseases. Chemical nematicides are used to control plant parasitic nematodes. They have, however, been demonstrated to be harmful to humans, animals, and the environment, causing pollution of natural resources and the environment. Chemicals are unreliable because they cannot provide protection over the long term. Some chemical nematicides have recently been banned, and those that are still in use are quite expensive and out of reach for small farmers. Therefore, scientists are searching for a suitable replacement that will make the control of nematodes sustainable. Bionematicides have several advantages over chemical nematicides, including being environmentally friendly and cost effective. When established in soil, they can provide long-term protection against nematodes.
Downloads
not found
Reference
Abd-Elgawad, M.M.M., Askary, T.H., 2015. Impact of phytonematodes on agriculture economy. In: Biocontrol Agents of Phytonematodes. (Eds.) Askary, T.H. and Martinelli, P.R.P. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 3-49.
CIBRC, 2022. Major Uses of Pesticides. Central Insecticides Board & Registration Committee (CIBRC), Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage, Dept. of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Govt. of India. Available at: http://ppqs.gov.in/divisions/cib-rc/major-uses-of-pesticides. Accessed on: 16.08.2022.
De La Cruz, R., Cruz Maldonado, J.J., Rostro Alanis, M.D.J., Torres, J.A., Parra Saldívar, R., 2019. Fungi-based biopesticides: shelf-life preservation technologies used in commercial products. Journal of Pest Science 92(3), 1003-1015.
Poveda, J., Abril-Urias P., Escobar, C., 2020. Biological Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes by Filamentous Fungi Inducers of Resistance: Trichoderma, Mycorrhizal and Endophytic Fungi. Front. Microbiol. 11, 992. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00992.
Wilson, M.J., Jackson, T.A., 2013. Progress in the commercialisation of bionematicides. BioControl 58, 715-722.