Biowaste Utilisation for Improving Soil Health and Crop Productivity in North Eastern India
Manoj Kumar*
ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, RCM, Darbhanga, Bihar (846 005), India
D.J. Rajkhowa
ICAR-Research Complex for NEH Region, Nagaland Centre, Nagaland (797 106), India
Kaberi Mahanta
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam (785 013), India
B.C. Verma
Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station (ICAR NRRI), Hazaribagh, Jharkhand (825 301), India
B.U. Choudhury
ICAR-Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya (793 103), India
K.K. Rao
ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar (800 014), India
Kirti Saurabh
ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar (800 014), India
Rajiv Rakshit
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar (813 210), India
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54083/ResBio.2.2.2020.44-49
Keywords: Acid soil, Bio-waste, Climate change, Crop residue, Organic manure, Soil health
Abstract
Efficient utilisation of bio-wastes could be an important strategy for meeting the growing demand of nutrients and improving the soil health and crop productivity in north-eastern India, where there is abundant availability of bio-wastes (such as crop residues, weed biomass, forest litter, animal dung etc.), and use of chemical fertilisers is traditionally minimal. Production of weed biomass in north-eastern India is estimated to be in the range of 5-20 t ha-1. Around 9 Mt of crop residues are produced annually in the region. Considering even half of these residues to be available and 40% loss of nutrients contained therein, the potentially available crop residues can add up to 10,000 tonnes of N, 2,000 tonnes of P2O5 and 35,000 tonnes of K2O to soil. Around 15 Mt of animals’ dung produced annually can also supply substantial amount of nutrients. Additionally, these bio-wastes can improve soil organic carbon, moisture retention capacity, buffering capacity and many other desirable attributes of soil quality. These bio-wastes can also be utilised for production of quality organic manure in a short period of 50-80 days using earthworms and cellulose decomposing microorganisms, either alone or in combination. On the whole, efficient utilisation of the available bio-wastes has great potential to improve the soil health and crop productivity, and therefore needs to be promoted on priority basis. This will also help in mitigating the likely impacts of climate change on soil health and crop productivity in north eastern India.
Downloads
not found
Reference
Awomi, T.A., Singh, A.K., Kumar, M., Bordoloi, L.J., 2012. Effect of phosphorus, molybdenum and cobalt nutrition on yield and quality of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in acidic soil of Northeast India. Indian Journal of Hill Farming 25(2), 22-26.
Bordoloi, L.J., Singh, A.K., Kumar, M., Patiram, Hazarika, S., 2013. Evaluation of nitrogen availability indices and their relationship with plant response on acidic soils of India. Plant, Soil and Environment 59(6), 235-240.
Choudhury, B.U., Malang, A., Webster, R., Mohapatra, K.P., Verma, B.C., Kumar, M., Das, A., Islam, M., Hazarika, S., 2017. Acid drainage from coal mining: Effect on paddy soil and productivity of rice. Science of the Total Environment 583, 344-351.
Hazarika, U.K., Munda, G.C., Bujarbaruah, K.M., Das, A., Patel, D.P., Prasad, K., Kumar, R., Panwar, A.S., Tomar, J.M.S., Bordoloi, J., Sharma, M., Gogoi, G., 2006. Nutrient management in organic farming. Technical Bulletin No. 30, ICAR-Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya.
Khan, M.H., Kumar, M., Singh, P.K., 2016. Reproductive disorders in dairy cattle under semi-intensive system of rearing in North-Eastern India. Veterinary World 9(5), 512-518.
Kumar, M., 2010. Soil responds to climate change: is soil science in India responding to? Current Science 99(7), 892-894.
Kumar, M., 2011a. Evidences, projections and potential impacts of climate change on food production in northeast India. Indian Journal of Hill Farming 24(1&2), 1-10.
Kumar, M., 2011b. North East India: Soil and water management imperatives for food security in a changing climate? Current Science 101(9), 1119.
Kumar, M., Patra, A.K., Swarup, A., 2011a. Impact of climate change on fertiliser demand in agriculture: Concerns and imperatives for food security in India. Indian Journal of Fertilisers 7(2), 48-62.
Kumar, M., Swarup, A., Patra, A.K., Purakayastha, T.J., Manjaiah, K.M., Rakshit, R., 2011b. Elevated CO2 and temperature effects on phosphorus dynamics in rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a Typic Haplustept of Subtropical India. Agrochimica 55, 314-331.
Kumar, M., Swarup, A., Patra, A.K., Chandrakala, J.U., 2011c. Micronutrient fertilization under rising atmospheric CO2 for micronutrient security in India. Indian Journal of Fertilisers 7(7), 52-60.
Kumar, M., Swarup, A., Patra, A.K., Chandrakala, J.U., Manjaiah, K.M., 2012a. Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on phosphorus efficiency of wheat grown in an Inceptisol of subtropical India. Plant Soil and Environment 58(5), 230-235.
Kumar, M., Hazarika, S., Choudhury, B.U., Ramesh, T., Verma, B.C., Bordoloi, L.J., 2012b. Liming and integrated nutrient management for enhancing maize productivity on acidic soils of Northeast India. Indian Journal of Hill Farming 25(1), 35-37.
Kumar, M., 2014. Influence of seed priming with urine, phosphorus and zinc on maize (Zea mays L.) yield in an acid soil of northeast India. Indian Journal of Hill Farming 27(1), 132-137.
Kumar, M., 2015. Phosphate requirement of acidic soils in northeast India: A reappraisal based on phosphate sorption isotherms. National Academy of Science Letters 38(5), 383-386.
Kumar, M., Jha, A.K., Hazarika, S., Verma, B.C., Choudhury, B.U., Ramesh, T., Moirangthem, P., Kumar, R., Brajendra, Rajkhowa, D.J., Kumar, A., Devi, M.H., 2016. Micronutrients (B, Zn, Mo) for improving crop production on acidic soils of northeast India. National Academy of Science Letters 39(2), 85-89.
Kumar, M., Khan, M.H., Singh, P., Ngachan, S.V., Rajkhowa, D.J., Kumar, A., Devi, M.H., 2012. Variable lime requirement based on differences in organic matter content of iso-acidic soils. Indian Journal of Hill Farming 25(1), 26-30.
Mahanta, K., Jha, D.K., Rajkhowa, D.J., Kumar, M., 2012. Microbial enrichment of vermicompost prepared from different plant biomasses and their effect on rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and soil fertility. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 28(4), 241-250.
Mahanta, K., Jha, D.K., Rajkhowa, D.J., Kumar, M., 2014. Isolation and evaluation of native cellulose degrading microorganisms for efficient bioconversion of weed biomass and rice straw. Journal of Environmental Biology 35(4), 721-725.
NBSSLUP, 2004. Soil Resource Management Reports, National Bureau of Soil survey and Land Use planning, Nagpur.
Patiram, R., 1996. Effect of limestone and farmyard manure on crop yields and soil acidity on an Inceptisol in Sikkim, India. Tropical Agriculture 73, 238-241.
Patiram., Prasad, R.N., Singh, R.P., 1996. Response of rice to potassium in acid soils of Meghalaya. Journal of Proteome Research 12, 152-159.
Prasad, R.N., Patiram., Barroah, R.C., Ram, M., 1981. Evaluation of the critical limit of organic carbon in high altitude soils of North Eastern Regions of India. Beit. Trop. LandWirt. Vet. Med. 19, 285-289.
Rajkhowa, D.J., Gogoi, A.K., Yaduraju, N.T., 2005. Weed utilization for vermi-composting. Technical Bulletin No.6, NRC for Weed Science, Jabalpur. pp. 1-11.
Rajkhowa, D.J., Kumar, M., 2013. Biowaste utilisation for improving health and productivity of acid soils in North-east India. Current Science 104(1), 11-12.
Rajkhowa, D.J., Sarma, A.K., Bhattacharyya, P.N., Mahanta, K., 2019. Bioconversion of agricultural waste and its efficient utilization in the hilly ecosystem of Northeast Indian. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 8(Suppl 1), S11-S20.
Rakshit, R., Patra, A.K., Pal, D., Kumar, M., Singh, R., 2012. Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on nitrogen dynamics and microbial activity during wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth on a subtropical inceptisol in India. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 198(6), 452-465.
Singh, A.K., Bordoloi, L.J., Kumar, M., Hazarika, S., Parmar, B., 2014a. Land use impact on soil quality in eastern Himalayan region of India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 86(4), 2013-2024.
Singh, A.K., Singh, P.K., Kumar, M., Bordoloi, L.J., Jha, A.K., 2014b. Nutrient management for improving mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] productivity in acidic soil of Northeast India. Indian Journal of Hill Farming 27(1), 37-41.
Verma, B.C., Kumar, M., Mawlong, L.G., Roy, S., Banarjee, A., Prasad, S.M., 2020. Livestock and soil health. Biotica Research Today 2(6), 478-479.