Insect Pest Resistant Breeding in Plants
Tridip Bhattacharjee*
College of Agriculture, Tripura, Lembucherra, Tripura (799 210), India
Thingreingam Irenaeus
College of Agriculture, Tripura, Lembucherra, Tripura (799 210), India
Budha Ch. Thangjam
College of Agriculture, Tripura, Lembucherra, Tripura (799 210), India
Tapan Kumar Maity
College of Agriculture, Tripura, Lembucherra, Tripura (799 210), India
Arup Chattopadhyay
Dept. of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal (741 252), India
DOI: NIL
Keywords: Breeding strategies, Insect, Mechanism, Resistant breeding
Abstract
Development of insect resistant cultivars has been a part of the plant breeder’s tool since long time. This is especially at this juncture, when there is growing public sensitivity about the environment and residual effects on produce due to the indiscriminate use of hazardous chemicals and emergence of new races/ biotypes. The source of resistance may be present in the indigenous cultivars, land races, folk, semi-wild relatives and allied species of vegetable crops. The development of varieties with resistance to biotic (insect) stresses involves manipulation of two genetic systems i.e., plants and other of the pest, not independently, but with regard to the interaction between the two systems. Resistance may be generated by mono or oligo or polygenes and effects of genes may be additive or dominant or epistatic. Methodologies of breeding for resistance may be grouped into two: conventional and non-conventional. Conventional include selection, introduction, hybridization and mutation breeding. While non-conventional include somaclonal variation, genetic engineering and molecular breeding. In spite of considerable similarities in the evolution of pathogens and insects especially in relation to plants, relatively less efforts have been directed to develop pest resistant than disease resistant varieties. Breeding for host plant resistance is switching from conventional viz., introduction, selection, hybridization towards non-conventional approaches like genetic engineering and molecular approaches, as later has broadened the scope of gene manipulations at the level of specific DNA segments across wide range of organisms to produce novel genomes with enhanced levels of resistance to biotic (insect) stresses or resistance.
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