Marine Pollution - Effects and Control Measures
S. Malathi*
Brackishwater Research Farm Facility, Institute of Fisheries Postgraduate studies, OMR, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Vaniyanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu (603 103), India
Ambika Binesh
Dept. of Basic Sciences, Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, OMR Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu (603 103), India
A. Jemila Thangarani
Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, OMR Campus, Vaniyanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu (603 103), India
DOI: NIL
Keywords: Control measures, Effects, Industrial pollution, Marine pollution
Abstract
Marine pollution is a kind of pollution of marine water due to undesirable physical, chemical, and biological changes harmful to human welfare. The main source of such pollution are: i) industrial effluents, ii) Marine ship effluents, iii) oil spillage, iv) inflow of fertilizer and pesticides, v) Nuclear waste and dumping of nuclear wastes, vi) Eutrophication. Oil spill is a worst kind of pollution which may be caused by an oil well blow out a platform accident a large marine pipe line leakage or oil tanker accidents. Several accidents of marine spills have occurred world over. Nuclear tests and dumping of nuclear waste in oceans by the developed countries is another cause of marine pollution. Inflow of agrochemicals and industrial effluents must be minimized and these should be discharged. Various available techniques such as chemical control, physical containment techniques, bioremediation process and use of cheap absorbents etc., should be adopted to minimize loss of the aquatic life.
Downloads
not found
Reference
Galloway, S., Cole, M., Lewis, C., 2017. Interactions of microplastic debris throughout the marine ecosystem. Natural Ecology Evolution 2(1), 01-16. DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0116.
Law, K.L., 2017. Plastics in the marine environment. Annual Review Marine Science 9, 205-229. DOI: 10.1146/-010816-060409.
Miranda-Urbina, D., Thiel, M., Luna-Jorquera, G., 2015. Litter and seabirds found across a longitudinal gradient in the South Pacific Ocean. Marine Pollution Bulletin 96, 235-244. DOI: 10.1016/ 2015.05.02.
Ory, N., Chagnon, C., Felix, F., Fernández, C., Ferreira, J.L., Gallardo, C., 2018. Low prevalence of microplastic contamination in planktivorous fish species from the southeast Pacific Ocean. Marine Pollution Bulletin 127, 211-216. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.016.
Thiel, M., Hinojosa, I., Vasquez, N., Macaya, E., 2003. Floating marine debris in coastal waters of the SE-Pacific (Chile). Marine Pollution Bulletin 46, 224-231. DOI: 10.1016/S0025-326-X (02)00365-X.