Newer Synthetic Sex Pheromone Formulations and Their Applications in IPM
Gothandaraman Rajadurai*
Dept. of Plant Biotechnology, CPMB&B, TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu (641 003), India
DOI: NIL
Keywords: Formulations, IPM, Pheromones, Sex Pheromones
Abstract
Insect pheromones represent a class of volatile organic molecules with a low molecular weight capable of inducing specific behavioral responses within individuals of the same species. These pheromones serve as communication signals, facilitating interactions between members of the same or opposite sex. In the realm of agricultural crops, insect pheromones play a vital role as indispensable components of pest monitoring and management strategies. The utilization of insect pheromones enables the implementation of targeted pest control methodologies. These encompass techniques such as mating disruption, mass trapping, attract-and-kill and push-pull approaches. By relying on pheromones, these direct pest control strategies contribute significantly to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to broad-spectrum insecticides. Pheromone-based methods can be effectively employed as monitoring or management tools within integrated pest management (IPM) programs, ensuring long-term pest control while minimizing adverse environmental impacts.
Downloads
not found
Reference
Brunner, J.F., Knight, A., 1993. Mating Disruption. In: WSU Tree Fruit (website). Available at: https://treefruit.wsu.edu/crop-protection/opm/mating-disruption/?print-view=true. Accessed on: 21st June, 2022.
Karlson, P., Butenandt, A., 1959. Pheromones (Ectohormones) in Insects. Annual Review of Entomology 4, 39-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.04.010159.000351.
Knipling, E.F., 1979. The basic principles of insect populations suppression and management. In: USDA Agriculture Handbook No. 512. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States. p. 659.
NOSB, 2011. Formal Recommendation by the NOSB to the National Organic Program. National Organic Standards Board (NOSB), Crops Committee, 2012 Sunset Recommendation: Pheromones. Available at: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/NOP%20Crops%20Final%20Rec%20Pheromones.pdf. Accessed on: 09th March, 2022.
Roelofs, W.L., Liu, W., Hao, G., Jiao, H., Rooney, A.P., Linn Jr., C.E., 2002. Evolution of moth sex pheromones via ancestral genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 99(21), 13621-13626. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.152445399.
Welter, C.S., Pickel, C., Millar, J., Cave, F., Van Steenwyk, R.A., Dunley, J., 2005. Pheromone mating disruption offers selective management options for key pests. Hilgardia 59(1), 16-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v059n01p16.
Witzgall, P., 2001. Pheromones - future techniques for insect control? In: Pheromones for Insect Control in Orchards and Vineyards. IOBC WPRS Bulletin 24(2), 114-122.