Soil Borne Diseases of Major Pulses and Their Biological Management
Parthasarathy Seethapathy*
Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641003, INDIA
Ramalingam Kurusamy
Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641003, INDIA
Prabakar Kuppusamy
PGP College of Agricultural Science, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu-637405, INDIA
DOI: NIL
Keywords: Diseases, Legumes, Pulses, Root rot, Soil borne pathogens
Abstract
The major legume pulses grown world wide, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) and field pea (Pisum sativum L.) are grown in cool season legume crops, while pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.), blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper), mungbean (V. radiata (L.) Wilczek), horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.), cowpea (V. unguiculata (L.) Walp) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) are known as warm season legume crops. Biotic hazards such as insects, diseases, nematodes and weeds substantially reduce the yield of these legumes. Among these, soil borne fungi and nematodes are the largest and most important group of organisms affecting all parts of the plant at all stages of growth of legume crops. According to estimates made in India nearly 10-15% of food legumes production is lost due to diseases alone. Among several plant pathogenic fungi, diseases caused by species of Fusarium, Macrophomina, Pythium, Rhizoctonia and Sclerotium are of great importance to tropical, sub tropical and temperate legume pulses. Perusal of the literature on diseases of legumes and their management reveals new records of diseases, loss estimations, biology of causal agents, identification of host plant resistance and fungicide use. Integrated disease management mainly adopted with biological agents modules for management of important soil borne diseases, which involves the individual component of disease management such as plant resistance, agronomic practices, judicious use of fungicides, biopesticides for pathogen control and risk forecasting that operate on different aspects of the disease etiology, such that they complement each other.
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