Somatic Embryogenesis: A Multi-Step Plant Regeneration Process
Swapnil*
Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (813 210), Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
Digvijay Singh
Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (813 210), Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
Anuradha Sinha
Department of Horticulture (Veg. and Flori.), Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (813 210), Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
Subhajit Pal
Department of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Agriculture, PSB, Visva Bharati University, Shantiniketan (731 236), West Bengal, India
DOI: NIL
Keywords: Embryogenesis, Callus, Somatic, Explant
Abstract
In Somatic Embryogenesis (SE), embryos form a sexually from somatic cells. Somatic embryogenesis is most commonly associated with the in vitro culture of excised tissues in a nutrient medium containing exogenously supplied plant growth regulators. Plants which undergo apomixis develop embryos in the ovule without fertilization and fertile seeds are produced with the same genotype as the parent. This method is used in transformation procedures for many species. For this the differentiated plant cell needs to dedifferentiate (unless the cell is already meristematic) and form a stem cell, which develops through characteristic embryological stages to produce every cell type of the new plant. Therefore, the progenitor cell of a somatic embryo is a totipotent stem cell. A complete process of somatic embryogenesis involves induction of embryogenesis, embryo development, embryo maturation, and their conversion or germination to form complete plants and there are various factors that affect the process.
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Reference
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