Locusts: Current Problem in India – A Critical Analysis

Abstract

Locusts are the short horned grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) distinguished by expression of a remarkable and potentially devastating form of phenotypic plasticity, known as density-dependent phase polyphenism with voracious feeding behavior. They are capable of forming swarms (adult’s congregation) and hopper bands (nymphal congregation). They cause great devastation to natural and cultivated vegetation. They are indeed the sleeping giants that can flare up anytime to inflict heavy damage to the crops leading to national emergency of food and fodder. Of the more than 12,000 described grasshopper species, 19 are considered locusts, out of which 10 are most important. This paper discusses the current locust problem in India, their ecology, countries affected due to locusts, their migratory behavior, life cycle, physiology of locusts, maternal effects on offspring development, shift in population and management strategies.