Biopharmaceutics: An Emerging Aptitude in Drug Design & Drug Development

Abstract

Drugs are not commonly administered as pure chemical drug substances but are formulated into finished dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, ointments, etc. The route of administration of a medication directly affects the drug bioavailability, which determines both the onset and the duration of the pharmacological effect. The various routes of administrations are classified into local route and systemic route. The local route is the easiest mode of drug administration at the site where the specified activity is required. When the systemic assimilation of a drug is needed, medications are basically administered through the enteral route and the parenteral route. The development of new drug delivery systems has facilitated achieving pharmacodynamic effects and overcoming pharmacokinetic disadvantages of conventional formulations. Therapeutic drug monitoring in wide populations has allowed enhancements in designing new dosage regimens in order to enhance the therapeutic viability for distinctive brunches of drugs: antibiotics, antineoplastic, cardiovascular agents etc.