Total 10 Fusarium solani were isolated and coded as NMFst1, NMFst2, NMFst3, NMFst4, UMFst1, UMFst2, UMFst3, PAFst, SDFst and CDFst from the tea ecosystem of three North Eastern states of India viz., Meghalaya, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. The isolates were characterized based on cultural characteristics on colony colour (as per Royal Horticultural Society colour chart), zonation (present or absent), topography (raise and umbonate) and sporulation (profuse or moderate) were studied. Morphological characteristics of the isolated Fusarium solani grown on PDA medium and microscopic observations were made under 40X. Size of the macro conidia and for the microconidia were found to be in the range of 5.79-23.50×1.29-2.33 μm and 3.12-8.58×1.22-1.88 μm, respectively. Macro conidia are found to be sickle shape (all the isolates) with blunt end (PAFst) and microconidia were round to oval (all isolates) in shape. The colour of mycelium was found to be hyaline. Presence of septation in macroconidia (5-3) and mycelium were also recorded. By comparing the cultural and morphological characteristics with the key guidelines of C. Booth (1971), species level identification was done. Screening for the first growing isolate of Fusarium solani was done by taking the radial growth of the isolates at different days after incubation (up to 168 hours). Among the 10 isolates, 6 isolates were found to be fast growing in nature.

How to Cite

Das, P., Mahanta, M., Bhattacharyya, A., Dutta, P., 2025. Studies on cultural and morphological variability in the isolates of Fusarium solani causing dieback disease in tea ecosystem of NE India. Plant Health Archives 3(1), 01-07. DOI: 10.54083/PHA/3.1.2025/01-07.

]]> Cultural characteristics, Dieback disease, Fusarium solani, Morphological characteristics, Tea Research Article Thu, 06 Feb 2025 00:00:00 IST Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana results substantial yield losses (15-80%) in an Indian subcontinent. Wheat varietal improvement through breeding followed by evaluation of elite germplasms against a particular disease is crucial method to manage diseases. Fifty diverse wheat genotypes and two susceptible checks viz., Sonalika and Nepal 297 were evaluated under artificial epiphytotic condition against spot blotch at NWRP, Bhairahawa, Nepal in 2017-18 and 2018-19. Evaluation was based on partial resistance components viz., lesion sizes, lesion types (chlorotic/ necrotic), lesion characteristics (sporulating/ non-sporulating) and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and morphological traits viz. lesion mimic, leaf angle, leaf tip necrosis and plant height. Statistical analysis revealed that genotypes with smaller lesion size (<1 cm), small dark brown to black lesions with or without chlorosis/ necrosis and non sporulating lesions had lower AUDPC (<225). Similarly genotypes with erect to semi erect leaf (leaf angle 1-2), medium to high leaf tip necrosis (2-4), low percentage of lesion mimic (0-22.5%) were found resistant (AUDPC<225) to moderately resistant (AUDPC value 226-315). Moreover AUDPC showed strong and positive correlation with lesion sizes (0.76), lesion types (0.84) and lesion characteristics (0.54). Twenty genotypes were found resistant (AUDPC<225), could be used as new resistance sources in breeding program. However genotypes viz., KACHU/BECARD//WBLL1*2/BRAMBLING/3/ATTILA*2/PBW65//MURGA, FRET2*2/SHAMA//TNMU/3/FRET2*2/SHAMA/4/UP2338*2/KKTS*2//YANAC/5/FRET2*2/SHAMA//PARUS/3/FRET2*2/KUKUNA, KACHU#1//PI610750/SASIA/3/KACHU/4/MUU#1//PBW343*2/KUKUNA/3/MUU/5/KACHU#1//PI610750/SASIA/3/KACHU, BORL14//KFA/2*KACHU and KFA/2*KACHU//QUELEA were found excellent based on partial resistance components and morphological traits. These genotypes could be further evaluated for yield potential in multi environment and better performing genotypes could be released as resistant varieties for spot blotch.

How to Cite

Gupt, S.K., Pant, K.R., Basnet, R., 2023. Partial resistance components and morphological traits aid selection of resistant wheat genotypes against spot blotch. Plant Health Archives 1(3), 82-95. DOI: 10.54083/PHA/1.3.2023/82-95.

]]> Evaluation, Genotypes, Morphological traits, Partial resistance components, Spot blotch Research Article Mon, 16 Oct 2023 00:00:00 IST Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonize more than 80% of plants on land in which grasses are known to have higher endomycorrhizal colonization. AM fungi are a common group of symbiotic fungi in the order, Glomale of Division, Zygomycota. These fungi are known to benefit growth through increased nutrient uptake especially phosphorus. In this study, a total of 21 grass species collected from the Asan river basin, Mussoorie hills, Dehradun, Uttarakhand were screened for AM fungal root colonization and their mycorrhizal diversity. Traditional method of sieving and decanting was used for isolating mycorrhizal spores whereas for studying colonization rapid staining and clearing method was used. The highest root colonization (95±2.9) and AM spore count (234±3.56) were observed in Phalaris minor whereas Saccharum spontaneum exhibited least colonization (30±0.53) and AM spore count (46.7±14.5), respectively. The Andropogoneae (Sorghum tribe) was observed to be the most diverse tribe in association with endomycorrhizal fungi among the studied grasses. This study confirms that the grass species are highly colonized and dependent on endomycorrhizal association. The diversity and colonization patterns of endotrophic mycorrhizal fungi are described in details in this research paper. The AM fungal association with grass species provides new vistas and insight on the functioning of any grass ecosystem and also helps in harnessing the benefits of AM fungi through their usage in waste and abundant land reclamation programmes.

How to Cite

Megha., Parkash, V., Chhetri, R., Gaur, A., Agnihotri, R., 2023. Native diversity of endotrophic mycorrhizal fungi of forage grass species occurring in Asan River Basin, Mussoorie Hills, Uttarakhand. Plant Health Archives 1(3), 73-81. DOI: 10.54083/PHA/1.3.2023/73-81.

]]> Abiotic stress, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Mycorrhizal symbiosis, Plant microbe interaction, Root colonization, Spore count Research Article Sun, 08 Oct 2023 00:00:00 IST Application of nanotechnology in agriculture especially in the form of nano agrochemicals is increasing nowadays. Agrochemicals such as fertilizers, soil amendments, soil conditioners, pesticides and plant growth promoting hormones have both pros and cons. To overcome the constraints of conventional agrochemicals researchers are focusing on nano agrochemicals. Apart from the high potential and effectiveness these chemicals also have some threats to the human health, environment and ecological balances. With proper assessment of risks associated to these nano agrochemicals threats can be minimised and the potential of nanotechnology in agriculture can be explored to the greater extent. After assessment the risks could be managed by applying three thumb rules as risk prevention, risk mitigation and risk communication. In depth research is required to explore the potential of nanotechnology in agriculture.

How to Cite

Prasad, M., Mahawer, S.K., 2023. Nano-agrochemicals: Risk assessment and management strategies. Plant Health Archives 1(2), 66-72. DOI: 10.54083/PHA/1.2.2023/66-72.

]]> Environment, Human health, Nano-Agrochemical, Nano Material, Threats Review Article Thu, 28 Sep 2023 00:00:00 IST Four larval mutants namely Knobbed, Zebra, pere and Ursa of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. were selected for the present investigation. The digestive juice and haemolymph were collected from fifth instar larvae (day 1 to day 6) and the samples were subjected to spectrophotometric analysis for estimation of amylase activity. The recorded O.D. values (at 525 nm) were converted into maltose released (µmoles ml^-1). The results of the present study clearly indicate that the amylase activity gets enhanced with the increase in number of feedings along with the advancement of age during 5^th instar larval stage (day 1 to 6). Based on the results obtained, Zebra performed better followed by Knobbed than the other two larval mutants under study. The larvae fed with V₁ variety performed better than those batches fed with S₃₆ variety of mulberry in both the samples. Of the two samples, amylase activity recorded higher in digestive juice than haemolymph in all the four larval mutants under study.

How to Cite

Devamani, M., Umakanth, R.S., 2023. Quantitative estimation of amylase activity in selected larval mutants of silkworm Bombyx mori L. reared on two mulberry varieties. Plant Health Archives 1(2), 61-65. DOI: 10.54083/PHA/1.2.2023/61-65.

]]> Digestive juice, Haemolymph, Mulberry, Mutant silkworm, S36, V1 Research Article Tue, 19 Sep 2023 00:00:00 IST The current research was carried out at the ICAR-Research Complex for the North Eastern Hill Region (NEH) in Umiam, Meghalaya to investigate the diversity and abundance of insect pollinators of cucurbits at mid-hills of Meghalaya. Ridge gourd, sponge guard, pumpkin, teasel gourd, chow-chow, bottle guard and cucumber were taken as a target crop to observe the data on diversity and abundance. Total twenty-five (25) pollinators were observed in different cucurbits belongs to order Hymenoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera which represents that mid-hills of Meghalaya have rich pollinator fauna. Out of 25 insect pollinators 3 pollinators identified from ridge gourd, 6 from sponge gourd, 4 from pumpkin, 3 from bottle gourd, 4 from cucumber, 3 from chow-chow and 2 from teasel gourd. Efficient pollinator was nominated on the basis of their abundance. During investigation it was found that bumble bee emerged as the most abundant pollinator in ridge gourd, pumpkin and sponge gourd. In sponge gourd carpenter bee also showed almost equal abundance. Indian honey bee abundance was high in cucumber and in chow-chow. Among collected pollinators, hymenopterans were the abundant with 80% relative abundance. It is clear from the recorded observation that native bees are equally contributing in pollination service so conservation of these bees is also a demand of nature. Activity time period of pollinators on flowers guided the farmers to avoid pesticide spray during particular time period.

How to Cite

Pande, R., Verma, V.K., 2023. Diversity and abundance of insect pollinators of cucurbits at mid-hills of Meghalaya, India. Plant Health Archives 1(2), 55-60. DOI: 10.54083/PHA/1.2.2023/55-60.

]]> Abundance, Diversity, Honey Bee, Native Bee, Pollination Research Article Mon, 11 Sep 2023 00:00:00 IST The citrus leaf miner (CLM), scientifically known as Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton and belonging to the Gracillaridae family, is a significant nuisance for citrus nurseries and the tender leaves of young citrus plants. Damage caused by the larvae is conspicuous especially on the young foliage during initial phase of development and the management of the pest is highly critical. The present studies were carried out at ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur during 2013 to 2015 to document the species composition of bioagents (parasitoids and predators), their incidence levels and species richness/ diversity in citrus ecosystems with reference to citrus leaf miner. During the study, we documented individuals from two classes, four orders and six families of insects. Class Insecta was dominant followed by Arachnida. Among the six families, Eulophidae and Coccinellidae were the most dominant bioagent groups for parasitoid and predator, respectively. Relative abundance of the bioagents of P. citrella revealed that C. phyllocnistoides was the predominant one and constituted 30% of total bioagents collected followed by Cirrospilus sp. (including C. quadristriatus, C. ingenuus) (25%), E. brevicornis (15%) and S. striatipes (9%). Coccinellids constituted about 3%; whereas, chrysopid predator, M. desjardinsi and spider species constituted 13% and 7%, respectively of the total bioagent collection. Understanding of the bioagent complex in citrus ecosystem will help us to identify the promising ones for biological control as well as guide us the bioagent active frame to avoid pesticide sprays to sustain them naturally in the ecosystem.

How to Cite

George, A., 2023. Arthropod biodiversity of citrus ecosystem with special reference to citrus leaf miner. Plant Health Archives 1(2), 48-54. DOI: 10.54083/PHA/1.2.2023/48-54.

]]> Arthropod biodiversity, Bioagents, Citrus ecosystem, Citrus leaf miner, Species composition Research Article Thu, 31 Aug 2023 00:00:00 IST Eri silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini Boisduval is polyphagous feeding on several plant species. The influence of feed on growth of an animal is evident from literature. Eri larva has biting and chewing type of mouthparts comprising of a pair of mandibles, Labrum and the labio-maxillary complex. The size of these mouthparts increases with larval age. In an experiment conducted to study the influence of host on morphometric changes in mouthparts of Eri silkworm, the local castor variety with greenish petiole found to have significant influence on the length and width of mandibles (0.0803 and 0.0675 cm, respectively), labrum (0.0543 and 0.0735 cm, respectively) and labio-maxillary complex (0.1007 and 0.1145 cm, respectively). Further, there was a sudden increase in the size of mouthparts during fourth instar (85 × 67% gain in mandibles, 95 × 73% gains in LMC and 124 × 58% gain in labrum) irrespective of the host.

How to Cite

Vinoda, K.S., Narayanaswamy, K.C., Shashidhar, K.S., Reddy, D.N.R., 2023. Morphometry of mouthparts of Eri silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini boisduval under different food regimes. Plant Health Archives 1(2), 42-47. DOI: 10.54083/PHA/1.2.2023/42-47.

]]> Eri silkworm, Host plant, Morphometry, Mouthparts, Samia cynthia ricini Research Article Thu, 24 Aug 2023 00:00:00 IST Two field experiments were conducted during kharif, and rabi to evaluate the efficacy of carbosulfan 6G against the rice stem borer in the eastern farm of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute (PAJANCOA & RI), Karaikal. During kharif, a least percent dead heart was recorded in the treatments viz., Carbosulfan 6G (FMC-PY) @ 20.8 kg ha^-1 followed by Carbosulfan 6G (FMC-PY) @ 16.7 kg ha^-1 and Carbosulfan 6G (Sheriff) @ 16.7 kg ha^-1 ranging from 1.45-1.88 and 3.22-3.88 percent dead heart at 14 and 21 days after the first application respectively. A lower percent white ear of 3.85 and 7.18 was recorded in Carbosulfan 6G (FMC-PY) @ 20.8 kg ha^-1 treatment which is on par with the treatments like Carbosulfan 6G (FMC-PY) @ 16.7 kg ha^-1 (4.67 and 7.36) and Carbosulfan 6G (Sheriff) @ 16.7 kg ha^-1 (4.79 and 8.12) at grain filling and at harvest stage respectively. During rabi, a least percent dead heart was recorded in the treatments viz., Carbosulfan 6G (FMC-PY) @ 20.8 kg ha^-1 followed by Carbosulfan 6G (FMC-PY) @ 16.7 kg ha^-1 and Carbosulfan 6G (Sheriff) @ 16.7 kg ha^-1 ranging from 2.16-2.67 and 4.20-4.72 percent dead heart at 14 and 21 days after the first application respectively while a least percent white ear of 2.89 and 5.74 was recorded in Carbosulfan 6G (FMC-PY) @ 20.8 kg ha^-1 treatment which is on par with the treatments like Carbosulfan 6G (FMC-PY) @ 16.7 kg ha^-1 (3.70 and 6.48) and Carbosulfan 6G (Sheriff) @ 16.7 kg ha^-1 (3.92 and 7.45) at grain filling and at harvest stage respectively. From the results of the field experiments, it was found that, the Carbosulfan 6G (FMC-PY) @ 16.7 kg ha^-1 as broadcast application in rice can be recommended for effective control of stem borer, S. incertulas.

How to Cite

Kumar, K., Kandibane, M., 2023. Bioefficacy of Carbosulfan 6G against the rice stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) in Karaikal district, Union Territory of Puducherry. Plant Health Archives 1(3), 37-41. DOI: 10.54083/PHA/1.2.2023/37-41.

]]> Carbosulfan, Efficacy, Rice, Scirpophaga incertulas, Stem borer Research Article Tue, 08 Aug 2023 00:00:00 IST Eight different diets were compared for maximum production of entomopathogenic nematode infected Galleria cadavers with cheaper/ low cost in the laboratory. Among eight artificial diet composition tried, low grade milk powder 100 g, low grade glycerin 100 ml, honey 100 ml, corn flour 200 g, wheat bran 100 g, wheat flour 100 g and yeast 50 g produced almost maximum Galleria larvae with EPN infected cadavers and EPN infective juveniles (IJs) with cheaper cost while, the diet containing, ragi powder 100 g instead of milk powder, honey 100 ml, high grade glycerin 100 ml, corn flour 200 g, wheat bran 100 g, wheat flour 100 g and yeast 50 g produced least number of EPN infected Galleria cadavers and EPN IJs. Among the diet compositions, sugar solution 100 ml instead of honey along with other ingredients used, did not emerge or produce larvae from the Galleria eggs.

How to Cite

Thiyagarajan, P., Varna, M., Ansar Ali, M.A., Rema Shree, A.B., 2023. Development of low cost artificial diet for mass production of entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis indica a strain ICRI EPN-18. Plant Health Archives 1(2), 34-36. DOI: 10.54083/PHA/1.2.2023/34-36.

]]> Artificial diet, Elettaria cardamomum, Entomopathogenic nematode, Small cardamom Research Article Mon, 07 Aug 2023 00:00:00 IST Turmeric, Curcuma longa L. is an important commercial spice crop cultivated in Meghalaya covering 2,649 ha area with 16,497 MT productions. However, the turmeric cultivation is severely affected by leaf spot disease limiting its yield. So, the present study was conducted to identify the pathogen associated with leaf spot disease of turmeric as well as to check the efficiency of bacterial endophytes in managing the disease. Based on the morphological and cultural studies, six isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were identified as the causal organism of leaf spot disease of turmeric. The isolates on PDA medium produced white to grey fluffy (raised/ flat) cottony culture with serrated margin. All the isolates produced dark brown acervuli and globular conidia with oil globules inside. Five bacterial endophytes viz., BE 1, BE 222, M1W1, NGB21 and SVC 11 were tested against C. gloeosporioides by using dual culture assay. They were able to inhibit the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides in the range of 35.82-68.11%. The highest percent inhibition in dual culture assay was recorded in the isolate NGB 21 (68.11%) followed by isolate BE1 (59.89%).

How to Cite

Mahanta, M., Rajesh, T., Dutta, P., 2023. Isolation and characterization of the incitant of leaf spot of turmeric and in-vitro efficacy of native isolate of endophytic bacteria. Plant Health Archives 1(2), 29-33. DOI: 10.54083/PHA/1.2.2023/29-33.

]]> Colletotrichum, Curcuma longa L., Endophytes, Leaf spot, Meghalaya, Turmeric Research Article Sat, 29 Jul 2023 00:00:00 IST The tea mosquito bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) is the recognized pest of fruits and plantations across the world. In India, three species viz. Helopeltis antonii, H. bradyi and H. theivora are dominant among different species and found attacking a wide range of crops. Several alternate host plants of the tea mosquito bug have been recorded, especially in Africa and Asia. The nymphs and adults of the tea mosquito bug suck the sap from leaves, buds and shoots, which results in heavy crop losses. The pest is posing a serious challenge in domestic and overseas trades. For better management decisions, it is very much important to know about pest status, bionomics, distribution, host range, etc. The focus on the management of tea mosquito bug has to emphasize from chemical to traditional, indigenous technical knowledge and integrated pest management using the accessible resources to reduce the resistance development and limit the residual effects. This review highlights the significant works conducted on tea mosquito bug with detailed management strategies. The information on current status, host preference, incidence and early detection of this pest are discussed.

How to Cite

Sankarganesh, E., Sravani, B.L., Rajeshwaran, B., Mounika, M.N., 2023. Tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis spp.): A pest of economically important fruit and plantation crops: Its status and management prospects. Plant Health Archives 1(2), 18-28. DOI: 10.54083/PHA/1.2.2023/18-28.

]]> Helopeltis, Host range, Integrated pest management, Oriental region, Tea mosquito bug Review Article Mon, 17 Jul 2023 00:00:00 IST The fungus has various type of association with spider. They can be pathogenic or symbiotic or commensal in relationship to spiders they live on. In the current study the diversity of fungi in association with Nephila pilipes spider were recorded. The fungi were isolated from its legs and saliva. The microscopic and macroscopic characters were obtained. The measurements of hyphae, conidia and conidiophore were recorded. The fungal growth was more on legs compared to saliva. The legs of the adult spider carried more fungi than saliva as they are associated with soil, carrying microflora on their legs. Further the four different fungus isolated as aspergillus, penicillium, Trichoderma and Cladosporium. The penicillium colony had abundant growth, aspergillus had moderate growth and Cladosporium had less growth compared to Trichoderma.

How to Cite

Jalajakshi, S., Anagha, J., Buwaneshwari, S., Kalpana, R., Poojitha, P.L., Murthy, S., 2023. Study on Diversity of Fungus Associated with Nephila pilipes. Plant Health Archives 1(2), 14-17. DOI: 10.54083/PHA/1.2.2023/14-17.

]]> Biodiversity, Conidia, Conidiophore, Fungi, Hyphae, Nephila pilipes Research Article Wed, 05 Jul 2023 00:00:00 IST Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a widely employed pest management biocontrol agent in the agriculture and forestry ecosystem. In nature, this gram-positive bacterium is found in soil that produces spore-crystal inclusion bodies. This gram-positive bacterium produces a broad spectrum of insecticidal proteins, which are found to be extremely toxic to different groups of insect pests. Bt toxin genes are very selective and specific to pests; they are not toxic to other than the target organisms such as human, animals, and birds, and they are safer for the environment. The Bt toxin is often employed in organic farming as an insecticide spray to manage insect pests. Additionally, it is one of the sources for the insecticidal genes deployed to genetically modify food crops so that they can naturally impart resistance against numerous insect pests.

How to Cite

Rajadurai, G., Anandakumar, S., Raghu, R., 2023. Bacillus thuringiensis in Pest Management. Plant Health Archives 1(1), 11-13. DOI: 10.54083/PHA/1.1.2023/11-13.

]]> Bacillus thuringiensis, Biopesticides, Cry toxin, Transgenic Popular Article Thu, 18 May 2023 00:00:00 IST In India population increases rapidly day-by-day, therefore food demand also increases. Traditional farming is insufficient to meet these demands. Thus, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (drones) were introduced, enabling Weed Management in less time, efficient use of herbicide and pesticide to bring sustainability to the environment and their resources. One of the most detrimental biotic variables in agriculture, weeds significantly reduces yields across the globe. Weed patches from crop fields can be identified by using drone sensors. Drone camera sensors can optimize weed in relation to leaf density, chlorophyll concentration and other plant canopy characteristics. The article emphasizes weed detection and management by the use of potential sensors of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (drones) technology for better agriculture output.

How to Cite

Debbarma, B., Saha, A., Teli, S., 2023. UAV Technology for Precision Weed Detection and Management. Plant Health Archives 1(1), 08-10. DOI: 10.54083/PHA/1.1.2023/08-10.

]]> Sensors, UAVs, Weeds detection, Weed management Popular Article Wed, 10 May 2023 00:00:00 IST Plant growth promoting-rhizobacteria (PGPR) contributes a significant part in crop health improvement including pest management. It also protects plants from parasitic nematodes damage by exhibiting biocontrol activity besides improving the growth of plants by supplying nutrients, producing phytohormones and inducing modification of plants metabolisms. PGPR decreases or inhibits the hatching of nematode juveniles and suppresses the nematodes development and reproduction by exhibiting various mechanisms such as hyperparasitism, antibiotic synthesis or antibiosis, substrate competition, synthesis of lytic enzymes and induction of resistance in plants. Hence, PGPR could be an efficient biological protective agent that protects agricultural and horticultural crop plants from the infestation of parasitic nematodes.

How to Cite

Anandakumar, S., Rajadurai, G., 2023. Biological Control of Plant Parasitic-Nematodes by Plant Growth Promoting-Rhizobacteria. Plant Health Archives 1(1), 05-07. DOI: 10.54083/PHA/1.1.2023/05-07.

]]> Biocontrol, PGPR, Plant health, Plant parasitic-nematodes Popular Article Mon, 01 May 2023 00:00:00 IST Climate changes are rapidly occurring due to anthropogenic activities. Human activities contribute to global warming by increasing greenhouse gases which are the main factors of extreme climate change. This change increases competition between weeds and crops. Most troublesome weeds are responsive to grow with increasing CO₂ gas then crop. Also, high atmospheric temperature helps to reduce uptake of herbicide due to more diffusion and rapidly dry droplets. There is an inevitable need to study how changing climate conditions are affecting crop-weed competition, weed life and herbicide effectiveness in order to create adaptation and mitigation plans for changing climatic scenario. The overall objective of this article is to portray smart weed management approaches under climate change scenario resulting high productivity of crops and more returns for farmers alongwith an effective maintenance of the weeds.

How to Cite

Teli, S., Saha, A., Debbarma, B., 2023. Climate Smart Weed Management Practices. Plant Health Archives 1(1), 03-04. DOI: 10.54083/PHA/1.1.2023/03-04.

]]> Climate smart, Management, Weed, Weed control Popular Article Thu, 20 Apr 2023 00:00:00 IST The crop production of our country has increased manifold since the sixties by using improved agricultural technology like seeds, fertilizers, agricultural pesticides. At present, special importance is given to gene-technology, hybrid seeds and tissue culture, etc. for crop production. There is a limit to crop production through the use of agricultural technology. Increasing food production for a changing population is a difficult question for today's world. To cope up with such emerging problems use of hormones in crop production are showing very good results.

How to Cite

Dey, J.K., Debbarma, A., Sarkar, S., 2023. Roles of Hormone in Crop Production. Plant Health Archives 1(1), 01-02. DOI: 10.54083/PHA/1.1.2023/01-02.

]]> Gene-technology, Hormones, Hybrid seeds, Tissue culture Popular Article Sun, 09 Apr 2023 00:00:00 IST