Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Onion (Allium cepa L.) and Other Allium Species

Abstract

Allium crops, which encompass a diverse group of plants such as onions, garlic and leeks, play a crucial role in global agriculture and culinary practices. Despite their significance, the progress in systematic and targeted research within these crops has been hampered by numerous constraints, including their biennial nature, high cross-compatibility, Sexual reproduction is limited, there is obligate apomixis, the genome is big, and heterozygozity is significant. These challenges have limited the scope of traditional breeding techniques in generating genetic diversity necessary for developing improved and adaptable cultivars, especially under the backdrop of a changing climatic scenario. Through this approach, breeders can introduce beneficial genetic changes that confer tolerance to a range of biotic and abiotic stresses, enhancing the resilience of Allium cultivars against adverse environmental conditions but also meet the demands of an ever-evolving agricultural landscape.